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- <text id=90TT2977>
- <title>
- Nov. 08, 1990: Last Call For Motherhood
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1990
- Nov. 08, 1990 Special Issue - Women:The Road Ahead
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- THE CHANGING FAMILY, Page 76
- LIVING
- Last Call for Motherhood
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p>More and more single women are choosing to be unmarried...with children
- </p>
- <p>By Jill Smolowe--Reported by Melissa Ludtke/Boston and Jeanne
- McDowell/Los Angeles
- </p>
- <p> At monthly meetings of Single Mothers by Choice in New York
- City, coded name tags speak volumes about the complexities of
- modern-day parenthood. The letter T indicates the woman is
- thinking about having a baby on her own. A signals that she is
- attempting to get pregnant. P announces that she has succeeded.
- M is for mother. The second letter on the tag flags her method
- of choice. I means donor insemination. N specifies a sex
- partner. A stands for adoption.
- </p>
- <p> The women who wear the tags are pioneering the way--by
- choice--toward yet another permutation of the American family.
- They have made a calculated and intentional decision to raise
- a child single-handedly, despite a tangle of cultural,
- biological and sometimes legal complications. Virtually all
- either have tired of waiting for Mr. Right or have no interest
- in finding him. Most are women who have achieved a measure of
- economic self-sufficiency but have delayed childbearing to the
- point where they hear their biological clocks approaching
- midnight. "I could imagine going through life without a man,"
- explains Paula Van Ness, 39, executive director of the National
- Community AIDS Partnership in Washington, "but I couldn't
- imagine going through life without a child. My biological clock
- started sounding like a time bomb."
- </p>
- <p> Though the numbers of single mothers remain small, the ranks
- are rapidly rising. The National Center for Health Statistics
- reports that from 1980 to 1988 the birthrate among unmarried
- white women between the ages of 30 and 34 surged 68%, and 69%
- for those 35 to 39. Merle Bombardieri, a Boston-area
- psychotherapist, says that of the almost 1,000 women
- contemplating single motherhood whom she has counseled, about
- two-thirds are heterosexual and one-third lesbian.
- </p>
- <p> Gail, a 38-year-old Los Angeles accountant, had been through
- a divorce and several failed romances when she began
- contemplating her decision. "My relationships were not
- developing along the course I had hoped," she says. "I really
- love kids and feel I have a lot to offer." She discussed the
- idea of single motherhood with her own mother, friends and a
- psychotherapist. But it was concern about encountering
- fertility problems as she grew older that convinced her that
- "the time had come." She was impregnated by donor insemination,
- and was expecting a baby in late October.
- </p>
- <p> While such a choice is unconventional, it is also natural,
- argues Dr. Robert Nachtigall, a reproductive endocrinologist in
- San Francisco. Because women have a monthly hormonal cycle,
- "they can't escape the fact that their bodies are telling them
- to do something," he says. "The biological drive to reproduce
- may be stronger than the cultural yen to get married."
- </p>
- <p> Once a single woman has decided to follow that drive, she
- faces a choice of methods. Each option presents its own perils.
- For adoption, there are long waits, deals that fall through, no
- control over genes. Intercourse with a selected partner or
- insemination by a known donor can open the door to future
- wrangles over custodial rights. Hence many women opt for
- insemination with the sperm of a faceless donor. The amount of
- information about the donor varies from clinic to clinic; a few
- provide detailed medical histories and personal profiles.
- </p>
- <p> Anonymous insemination does raise a touchy issue: what to
- say when the child yearns to know who his or her father is.
- "They are not going to be happy being told their dad is No.
- 456," says Dr. Cappy Rothman, who heads the California Cryobank
- in Los Angeles. Some single mothers, sensitized by the related
- debate regarding adoption, want to carve out an option for their
- children now. The Sperm Bank of California in Oakland offers a
- new contract that, if signed by both sperm donor and mother,
- would allow a child access to his father's name upon turning 18.
- Lawyers warn, however, that such contracts are largely untested
- in the courts.
- </p>
- <p> Women who embark on single motherhood cannot overestimate
- what "a tremendous undertaking" it is, says Suzanne Bates, 42,
- a Manhattan certified public accountant who has adopted a
- Paraguayan baby girl. Every parental concern, from finding child
- care to coping with illness, weighs more heavily on the single
- parent. As for the children, no one can yet say what the
- psychological consequences will be. Will these families be any
- different from the countless American households in which a
- father is missing through divorce or death? Many single mothers
- argue that the truly wanted child of a single mother is better
- off than a child who must contend with constant conflict
- between divorced or unhappily married parents. Jane Mattes, a
- New York City psychotherapist and director of Single Mothers by
- Choice, advises her fellow single mothers to "stress the
- positive" with their children and emphasize how loved they are.
- She tells how her son, age 10, once commented, "Wasn't my dad
- silly not to want to be a dad? He is missing out on all this
- fun." Little did that youngster know it is precisely the desire
- not to miss out that is propelling women like his mom to take
- the bold, unconventional step of becoming a single mother.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
-